This week's reading

Every record, read against the news each week

Each treatment and tool on the tree carries a test that says exactly what would count, and a line saying what kind of public record settles it. Each claim carries a date it can be judged by, and each self-experiment a line on what its subject has made public. Once a week a fresh session searches the web against every one of them, writes down what it searched and what it found, and gives each a verdict, whether or not anything moved.

The reading proposes; it moves a treatment up one rung only when a record of the kind the treatment itself names shows the next rung reached, and then the move is a dated revision on that treatment's page. It may not move anything on press coverage alone, change a test, touch an estimate, clear a fact still to be checked, or judge a claim; all of that it leaves for the author, in a line that stays on this page until he has ruled. Each reading is a file in the public repository, written once and never edited, and the site refuses to build if one does not add up. For the 5 treatments shared with The Upgrade Tree, the reading also checks that the two sites show the same rung.

The latest reading

17 October 2026, covering the news from 10 October 2026, run by hand

The first weekly reading, run by hand on 2026-10-17, the day the site went live, in a cloud session. Every one of the 44 treatments and tools, all 9 self-experiments and 27 of the 30 claims were read against the week from 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17; every record had been checked against its sources on 2026-10-16 and 2026-10-17, so the reading also says where those checks fell short. Nothing moved: no record of the kind a treatment's settler names showed a rung reached in the week, and nothing was logged, because the session could open no page outside its search tool (the environment's network policy refused every journal, registry and company host) and a publication enters the log only once its own page has been read. The dozen papers, releases and registry entries the searches turned up, nearly all older than the week and unknown to the records, are carried in the 19 flagged items with their citations, for John to rule on and for the next reading to log. The search tool's allowance ran out after 200 searches shared across the twelve searchers, so 12 records had fewer than two searches of their own, and three claims (Unity Biotechnology in 2016, Jan Vijg in 2016 and the XPRIZE Healthspan launch of 2023) were not read at all; they are read first at the next reading. The five treatments shared with The Upgrade Tree stand at the same rung on both sites.

44 treatments, 27 claims, 9 self-experiments read 191 searches 61 quiet19 left for the author

The record is data/scans/2026-10-17.toml, read at version 23a12a3.

Worn-out cells

Nothing dated in the window bears on the test, and nothing new was found on Unity Biotechnology or its eye drug UBX1325 (the company wound down in 2025 and the search returned no 2026 partner or asset sale). Just before the window, on 2026-10-01 by the search summary, Nature Metabolism published a phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of dasatinib plus quercetin in 31 people with scarred liver from fatty liver disease (MASH), in which 47 per cent of treated people met the pre-stated main measure (one stage less scarring on paired liver biopsies without the disease worsening) against 7 per cent on placebo, P = 0.02; the record, written 2026-10-16, does not know it. Rubedo Life Sciences' topical drug RLS-1496 reported a vehicle-controlled phase 1 in skin conditions in 2026-03 and an uncontrolled lesion-count result in 2026-05, neither of which meets the test and neither of which is in the window.

Left for the author. The change I would make: the description says the 2022 eye result is the first controlled human result in the drug class and that nothing else stands; the Nature Metabolism liver trial is a second controlled result, with an oral two-drug course rather than an injection, and it belongs in the description and the notes, and in the publications log. The stage does not change: the leaf is already at first-human, and the next rung needs a regulator's approval. It is not mine to make because the paper is dated before the window (2026-10-01 by the search summary, which I could not confirm on the journal's page), so the entry as written on 2026-10-16 missed it, and correcting an entry is the author's. The estimate's reasoning ("one positive controlled trial exists") would also want a look, since the trial is small (31 people) and in a single liver condition. To log in the publications log once its page has been read, as the reading's rule asks: Senolytics dasatinib and quercetin in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: a proof-of-principle randomized, controlled trial (Nature Metabolism (2026), 2026-10-01; https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-026-01643-4).

4 searches, 4 sources

Nothing in the window. The searches returned only the 2020 UBX0101 failure the record already holds and the fisetin trials. One of those, named ROPE (registry number NCT04770064, 74 adults aged 40 to 80 with knee osteoarthritis, two fisetin dose schedules against placebo), is a different registry entry from the one the record's notes name (NCT04210986, 75 people, Steadman Philippon), and a supplement retailer's page says ROPE found no benefit over placebo on either schedule, with results in a conference-proceedings issue of Osteoarthritis and Cartilage; that rests on secondary reporting, has no date seen, and a null result would not move the leaf, so it is offered here only as something the notes might name once checked. A 2025 mouse paper on an intra-joint senolytic prodrug (SSK1) is animal work the leaf already stands on.

3 searches, 3 sources

Nothing in the window. Both searches returned only the 2016 engineered-mouse result and the 2018 dasatinib-plus-quercetin result (36 per cent longer remaining life in old mice) that the record already holds, and no human trial with a lifespan or healthy-years measure was found proposed or started. The session's search budget ran out before a third query could be run for this leaf.

3 searches
  • senolytic lifespan extension mice new study October 2026
  • senescent cell clearance lifespan Nature Aging 2026 mice senolytic survival
  • senolytic news this week October 2026
  • Borrowed: senolytic news this week October 2026, first run for aged-cell-clearing-drug-beats-a-sham-in-a-controlled-trial; it asked for any senolytic news in the window and would have surfaced a lifespan result if one had been reported

Nothing dated in the window meets or moves the test; the leaf stays at first-human on the 2019 kidney-disease measurement. Two things the record does not know, both dated before the window: the Nature Metabolism phase 2 placebo-controlled trial of dasatinib plus quercetin in 31 people with scarred fatty liver (published 2026-10-01 by the search summary; 47 per cent against 7 per cent on the main biopsy measure), and a Cell Metabolism paper from Cedars-Sinai (press release 2026-09-10, re-reported by ScienceDaily on 2026-10-13) reporting that a soluble form of the protein PD-L2 rises in blood with age and fell in people after senolytic drugs, which the authors offer as a possible blood marker of aged cells but say is not validated. The searches found no 2026 peer-reviewed report of fewer aged cells in a tissue sample after a senolytic drug beyond those the record holds.

The Upgrade Tree shows it at first human, which agrees.

Left for the author. The change I would make: the description says the one drug to reach a controlled trial on a clinical outcome failed in 2020, and the estimate's reasoning says the one such trial to read out so far failed; the Nature Metabolism liver trial is a controlled clinical-outcome readout that went the other way, so both sentences are now wrong as written and should say that a small academic trial in liver scarring read out positive in 2026-10 (the candidate is logged under the controlled-trial leaf of this branch and need enter the publications log once). The stage does not change. The PD-L2 blood marker is worth a line in the notes only if the author wants to track candidate blood markers; it is not validated and the paper is mouse-and-samples work. Both are the author's call because they are dated before the window, so the 2026-10-16 entry missed them, and because I could not open either paper's page to confirm date, authors or venue.

5 searches, 5 sources

Nothing in the window of the settler's kind: no registry entry, no first person treated, and no peer-reviewed report of engineered immune cells given to a person. A Medscape news piece dated 2026-10-14 reviews senolytic CAR T cells and says they remain preclinical with no approved therapy, which is press and confirms the stage rather than moving it. The same group's 2026 Cell paper (Zhang, Filliol, Sadelain, Lowe and colleagues, published 2026-03 by the repository address) turns uPAR-directed CAR T cells on solid tumours in mice, not on aged cells in a person, and is outside the window. The Cedars-Sinai PD-L2 paper (press release 2026-09-10) is about how aged cells hide from the immune system in mice and human samples, not about engineered cells.

5 searches, 4 sources
Claim

Nothing in the window. Every result was the 2024-02-29 release, its 2024-03-05 correction, the SkeptVet review of 2024-02 and trade coverage of the North Carolina State study, still described as a bioRxiv preprint submitted for review; no peer-reviewed version and no new statement by Sinclair or the company was seen, and the company's own site could not be opened. The verdict missed stands.

2 searches, 3 sources

Damaged DNA

Nothing in the window 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17. The nearest things seen were all older and all short of the test's clinic rung, which needs a regulator's approval: the National Institutes of Health low-dose danazol study in telomere disease (registry number NCT03312400) was last changed on 2026-05-29 and is listed as running to 2027-10-29 with no result posted, and a French multicentre trial of danazol in people carrying telomere-gene faults with lung scarring or marrow failure (the ANDROTELO study) was published in 2025 in ERJ Open Research, which the leaf does not name but which does not change the rung either way. The peer-reviewed Blood Advances version of the 2024 long-term follow-up that the leaf's verify list names could not be confirmed or ruled out, because no publisher page would open and the search did not surface it.

3 searches, 3 sources

Nothing in the window 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17 bears on the test, and the leaf's account of the pause and restart holds up: the regulator stopped both late-stage trials of the gene editor (nexiguran ziclumeran) on 2025-10-29 after one patient's liver enzymes and bilirubin rose sharply, lifted the stop on the nerve-disease trial on 2026-01-27, and lifted the stop on the heart trial in early March 2026 with closer liver monitoring, short-course steroid guidance and new exclusions, which trade coverage dated 2026-03-03 reports. The one thing the leaf does not mention, and the reason this is flagged rather than quiet, is that two trade reports say a patient in the heart trial died, with the company's chief executive saying in January 2026 that the investigation put the death down to infection and not to the liver event. The newest results seen are a 36-month follow-up of the small first trial presented at a heart-failure conference in 2026 from data cut on 2025-08-23, which is a conference presentation and a company slide deck, not the peer-reviewed report the settler names, and no 2026 peer-reviewed paper was found.

Left for the author. The change I would make is to the leaf's description, which says only that the trial was paused after a patient's liver was harmed: I would add that a patient in the same heart trial died, and that the sponsor said in January 2026 that the death was from infection and not from the liver injury. It is not mine to make for two reasons. The reports are press only, one of them a trade news piece whose own text looked muddled, and the primary sources that would settle it (the sponsor's own release and the trial registry record) could not be opened from this session, so the fact is unchecked. It also changes a stage record's description, which the author writes. If it stands up, it belongs in the description or the verify list, not in the stage, because it does not touch the test.

4 searches, 4 sources

Nothing in the window 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17, but the search turned up an older published result that the leaf does not know and that bears on its first-human rung: a trial at Cincinnati Children's of a person's own blood stem cells treated outside the body with a gene-carrying vector for the gene ZSCAN4, reported in the journal NEJM Evidence in 2025, in which two treated patients showed lengthened telomeres, one patient's lymphocyte telomere length rising from 3.6 to 6.7 thousand base pairs. On a literal reading this is not the leaf's first-human rung: the gene carried is ZSCAN4 and not telomerase, the cells were treated outside the body rather than the animal or person being dosed, there were two patients with five and twenty-four months of follow-up, and no cancer rate is reported, which the test asks for. It does, though, contradict one sentence of the leaf as written, so it is flagged. On the leaf's own verify list, the Libella telomerase gene therapy registered in Colombia in 2019 (registry number NCT04133649) still shows no posted result, and its sister trial record was last changed on 2019-10-28, so that item is unchanged.

Left for the author. The change I would make is to the estimate's reasoning, which says that no registered trial of a telomerase gene therapy in people existed when the leaf was written: a registered gene-therapy trial in people with telomere disease did exist (registry number NCT04211714) and had published telomere lengthening in two patients in 2025, so that sentence is wrong as written, and I would replace it with a line saying that the one published human result used the gene ZSCAN4 outside the body and so does not meet this leaf's test. Two things make it the author's call. First, whether the ZSCAN4 result counts for the first-human rung is a reading of the test, which only the author settles, and if it counts the leaf moves a rung and the first-human estimate of 2033 goes with it. Second, correcting an entry the record missed is the author's by the reading's own rule. I would also not change the estimate's years myself. To log in the publications log once its page has been read, as the reading's rule asks: Clinical Use of ZSCAN4 for Telomere Elongation in Hematopoietic Stem Cells (NEJM Evidence volume 4, issue 3, article EVIDoa2400252 (2025), 2025; https://doi.org/10.1056/EVIDoa2400252).

3 searches, 4 sources

Nothing in the window 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17 was seen, and nothing bearing on this leaf's first-human rung, which needs the mutation behind a premature-ageing disease corrected and measured in a person. This verdict is weaker than the others and should not be relied on: the turn's shared web-search budget ran out before any search aimed at this leaf could be run, so it rests on two borrowed searches, which the brief says do not count towards the floor of two. No search was run for a progeria base-editing trial, for the single-patient route the leaf's estimate turns on, or for the group that published the 2021 mouse result.

No search aimed at this leaf could be run: session's search allowance (200 searches, shared by the twelve searchers of this first reading) ran out before a second search aimed at this record could be run. It rests on two searches borrowed from the other leaves of its branch, so its quiet verdict is weaker than the others and it is read first at the next reading.

2 searches
  • in vivo CRISPR gene editing trial update October 2026
  • telomere disease treatment news October 2026
  • Borrowed: "in vivo CRISPR gene editing trial update October 2026", first run for the leaf on a gene edited inside a person's body, because it covers gene editors given inside the body in people, which is this leaf's first-human rung
  • Borrowed: "telomere disease treatment news October 2026", first run for the leaf on a drug lengthening chromosome ends in a person, because it was worded for recent news on treatments for diseases in which cells age early
Claim

Nothing in the window. The one search that ran returned the 2009 Publishers Weekly review of the book, which paraphrases the promise as DNA reprogramming and cell-repairing nanorobots within the next twenty or so years (a corroborating secondary source the record does not cite, dated 2009, not a finding), and publisher and bookseller listings. The second search, on his 2026 statements about nanorobots and reprogramming by 2029, was refused because the shared search budget was exhausted, so this record had one search instead of the two the brief asks for; the 2026 restatement of the date to around 2032 reported under kurzweil-2029-escape-velocity bears on this record too, since the due year is 2029.

The session's search allowance (200 searches, shared by the twelve searchers of this first reading) ran out before a second search aimed at this record could be run.

1 search
  • Kurzweil Grossman "Transcend" "about 20 years" "reprogramming" biology
Self-experiment

Only one search could be run on 2026-10-17 and the company site could not be opened. The search returned Wikipedia, Discover and Fight Aging background on the 2015 dosing and the 2016 release, and a Medium piece titled as a ten-years-after interview, with no date visible in the result; nothing dated in the window. The public record paragraph still holds on what was seen.

The session's search allowance (200 searches, shared by the twelve searchers of this first reading) ran out before a second search aimed at this record could be run.

1 search
  • Elizabeth Parrish BioViva October 2026

The cell's settings

Nothing in the window. The most recent human data on the tool this leaf tracks (Tune Therapeutics' TUNE-401 epigenetic silencer) remains the proof-of-concept presented at the European liver congress on 2026-05-30, which the record already carries and which is a conference presentation, not the peer-reviewed report or posted registry results the settler requires. No peer-reviewed paper or registry-posted result appeared in the window, and no application of the tool to an ageing gene in a person was found, so the leaf stays at the animal rung.

2 searches, 2 sources

Nothing in the window. No peer-reviewed report appeared of a small-molecule cocktail, with no genes delivered, moving an age marker towards youth in a living mammal. Searches surfaced only older work the record already knows or that falls short: the 2023 Harvard cell-culture study (journal Aging), a 2022 worm preprint, and a 2024 Frontiers in Aging mouse study that combined small molecules with the Yamanaka genes rather than using a cocktail alone. The leaf stays at idea only.

2 searches, 2 sources

On 2026-10-08, two days before the window opened, Life Biosciences announced interim first-in-human data from the ER-100 trial (presented at Eyecelerator at the American Academy of Ophthalmology meeting): a single eye injection plus daily oral doxycycline was tolerated through Day 56 in all three open-angle glaucoma participants, and the safety board recommended escalating to the second dose level. This leaf counts the dose, already recorded at the first-human rung from the 2026-06-09 release, and its next rung is a regulator's approval, which the interim data does not touch, so nothing moves. It is flagged because the record, written 2026-10-16, predates and does not acknowledge this dated sponsor development about the same trial it tracks.

Left for the author. The dose leaf consciously delegates results to its companion leaf, so the 2026-10-08 interim readout is logged in full under partially-resetting-cells-reverses-ageing-in-an-animal; you may want this leaf's record to note that interim data exists as of 2026-10-08. It does not move this leaf (the next rung is a regulator's approval), and correcting a record written 2026-10-16 is the author's call.

3 searches, 2 sources

Nothing in the window. No peer-reviewed, controlled trial appeared showing a validated DNA-mark clock turned back in a person. The controlled follow-up to the 2019 trial (TRIIM-X) has its results only in a Foresight Institute talk and a secondary Lifeboat Foundation summary dated 2026-06, both before the window and neither peer-reviewed; its registry entry was last updated in 2025-05 with no results posted, which the record's verify list already flags. The searches did not settle whether TRIIM-X is still running. The leaf stays at first human.

2 searches, 2 sources

On 2026-10-08, two days before the window, Life Biosciences announced interim first-in-human data from the ER-100 trial (the eye-delivered reprogramming therapy this leaf tracks): preliminary visual-field improvement in two of three open-angle glaucoma participants, with greater than 4 decibel gains at at least 28 per cent of tested points, and safety through Day 56. This is a company press release, not the peer-reviewed report the first-human rung requires, the signal is preliminary and uncontrolled, and it reports visual function rather than a biological-age marker, so it does not meet the test and does not move the leaf. It is flagged because the record, written 2026-10-16, says of the June 2026 dose that there is no result yet reported, which the 2026-10-08 announcement predates and contradicts. No new peer-reviewed animal reversal was found; the shared web-search budget was exhausted before two dedicated fresh searches for this leaf could be run.

The Upgrade Tree shows it at shown in animals, which agrees.

Left for the author. The description line that the June 2026 dose has no result yet reported is out of date as of 2026-10-08; consider noting the interim readout. I would not move the stage: the readout is a press release, not peer-reviewed, the signal is preliminary and uncontrolled, and it measures visual function, not a biological-age marker, so it fails the first-human test. Correcting a record written 2026-10-16 is the author's call. To log in the publications log once its page has been read, as the reading's rule asks: Life Biosciences Announces First-in-Human Data from Ongoing Phase 1 Trial Evaluating ER-100 in Optic Neuropathies (Company press release; data presented at Eyecelerator at AAO 2026, 2026-10-08; https://www.lifebiosciences.com/life-biosciences-announces-first-in-human-data-from-ongoing-phase-1-trial-evaluating-er-100-in-optic-neuropathies/).

No search of this leaf's own could be run: session's search allowance (200 searches, shared by the twelve searchers of this first reading) ran out before a second search aimed at this record could be run. It rests on three borrowed searches.

3 searches, 2 sources
Claim

Nothing in the window. The nearest items are a company-profile report by Sacra (dated 2026-09 in the result) saying Altos still had no named clinical candidate, no investigational new drug filing and no company-run human trial, and a fightaging.org post of 2026-05 on the company becoming less secretive; both are outside the window, both are third-party, and neither touches a claim that names no date and no treatment. The company's own newsroom could not be opened.

3 searches, 2 sources
Claim

Nothing in the window: no new statement, paper or thread by him was found, and the results were his 2022 review, the 2023 reprogramming thread and podcast appearances of 2022 to 2024, all of which the record knows. One thing to check: the search tool's reading of his Wikipedia page says he is now Professor of Metabolic Regulation at the University of Helsinki, and held the City of Hope chair before that, which would make the record's who_is out of date. The page could not be opened to confirm, and no date for a move was seen.

Left for the author. If his affiliation has changed, the who_is line (the biochemist Charles Brenner of City of Hope) should say where he is now, or say of City of Hope at the time; the only record seen is a search summary of Wikipedia, unopened and undated, so it is not mine to assert, and the claim's verdict (unfalsifiable) is untouched either way.

2 searches, 1 source
Claim

Nothing in the window. The company's two October releases both fall before it: on 2026-10-01 it announced the Eyecelerator oral presentation for 2026-10-08, and on 2026-10-08 it reported the three-participant interim data the record already holds (well tolerated through day fifty-six, visual-field signals in two, and, which the record does not mention, a data safety monitoring board recommendation to escalate to the second dose level). A lifeboat.com blog repost of the 2026-10-01 release is dated 2026-10 without a day. Nothing changes the verdict of missed, which rests on the start date, not the results; the registry entry for NCT07290244 could not be opened from this session to check for an update in the window.

2 searches
  • Life Biosciences ER-100 October 2026 interim results NCT07290244
  • Life Biosciences press release October 2026 ER-100 Eyecelerator
Claim

Nothing in the window. The company's press release index, as summarised in search results, lists five 2026 items, the newest a board appointment of 2026-08-10, after the regulator's clearance of 2026-01-28 (trial NCT07290244), the 80 million dollar financing of 2026-04-08 and the first participant dosed on 2026-06-09; all are in the record. Nothing from the Salk Institute or Izpisua Belmonte in 2026 was seen. The ClinicalTrials.gov entry could not be opened, so the open verify item on the day of first dosing is not settled.

3 searches, 3 sources
Claim

Nothing in the window. Search summaries of the company's press index show no release after 2026-08-10, and no trial result has been published; Fortune (2026-01-30) quoted the chief executive Jerry McLaughlin expecting results by the end of 2026 or early 2027, and coverage of the 2026-06-04 Athens lecture has Sinclair saying the first glaucoma patient had been treated, both before the window and consistent with the record's dates of 2026-01-28 and 2026-06-09. The verdict missed stands.

3 searches, 3 sources

Broken proteins and waste

Nothing dated 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17 bears on the wide-use test: no new regulator's record, no peer-reviewed trial report and no published uptake figure was found in the window, and the only uptake material seen was company sales guidance (Eisai's fiscal 2026 Leqembi revenue target of about 143.5 billion yen, from its 2026-05-15 earnings presentation) and a post-authorisation registry study of lecanemab-treated patients that began recruiting in mid 2026 (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07762092), neither of which counts people treated or eligible. Two records older than the window are not in the leaf: on 2026-07-13 Eisai and Biogen announced that the United States regulator approved the under-the-skin autoinjector form of lecanemab (Leqembi Iqlik) as a starting dose, 500 mg once a week, with a United States launch planned for late 2026-08, so the whole course can now be given at home; and a Cochrane overview reported in 2026-04 (seen only in a German news report dated 2026-04-16) concluded the two antibodies offer little clinical benefit against their risks. Neither meets the wide-use test, so the verdict is flagged rather than noted or moved.

Left for the author. The estimate's "why" says an under-the-skin version was approved in 2025 for maintenance only; as of 2026-07-13 the regulator has approved it for starting treatment as well, which removes the "needs infusions" condition the estimate names as a bar to wide use. I would add a dated line to the leaf's description or notes recording the 2026-07-13 approval (the Eisai and Biogen release, with the regulator's own notice still to be found), and let the author decide whether the earliest and likely wide-use years (2028, 2035) should move. The frequent brain scans and the price still stand, and no uptake figure has changed, so the stage does not move. The 2026-04 Cochrane overview was seen only through a news report and should not be logged until its own page is read. Rewriting the estimate is the author's call, and I could not open any of these pages to check them. To log in the publications log once its page has been read, as the reading's rule asks: FDA Approves LEQEMBI IQLIK (lecanemab-irmb) Subcutaneous Injection as an Initiation Dose for Early Alzheimer's Disease (Company press release, 2026-07-13; https://www.biospace.com/press-releases/fda-approves-leqembi-iqlik-lecanemab-irmb-subcutaneous-injection-as-an-initiation-dose-for-early-alzheimers-disease).

4 searches, 6 sources

Nothing in the window. What was seen falls short of the test: a 2026-07 meta-analysis of urolithin A trials in Frontiers in Nutrition (a pooling of older trials, not a new controlled trial, and dated before the window); a registered six-month trial of urolithin A against placebo in middle-aged adults (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07231783) still recruiting with no result; a 40-person pilot of spermidine on vaccine response in people over 65, which is an immune marker and not an age-related function on a pre-stated main measure; and worm and cell work on new autophagy activators (a bioRxiv preprint of 2026-01). The POLYCAD trial of spermidine in heart disease was described as not yet reported. No regulator's record and no peer-reviewed controlled human trial with a function main measure appeared in the window.

3 searches, 2 sources

Nothing in the window bears on the wide-use test: no uptake figure, no new approval and no new trial report dated 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17 was found. The only patient-scale figure seen is Pfizer's 2019 estimate of about 100,000 people with the disease in the United States with one to two per cent diagnosed, which is too old to count. Two things older than the window are not in the leaf and do not change the rung: a gene silencer, eplontersen, missed its main measure of cardiovascular deaths and events against placebo in the CARDIO-TTRansform trial (reported at the European cardiology congress with a New England Journal of Medicine paper; the American College of Cardiology's summary is dated 2026-08-24), which bears on the estimate's expectation that silencers would widen use but leaves the approved silencer vutrisiran in place; and the deposit-clearing antibody ALXN2220's Phase 3 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06183931) lists an estimated primary completion of 2027-12-06, so the "late-stage trials" line in the description holds. Pfizer's plan to withdraw the low-dose tafamidis capsule in the United States was seen in trade coverage of uncertain date and is a product decision, not an uptake record.

4 searches, 3 sources

Nothing dated in the window. A record older than the window contradicts the leaf: a randomised, double-masked, placebo-controlled pilot trial of a lanosterol-derived eye drop (the investigational drop ZOC2017217, from Ocusun with Lexitas Pharma Services) in about 40 people aged 50 and over with age-related cataract is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT07395986, with an actual start date of 2026-02-10, status active and not recruiting, and an estimated primary completion of 2027-02; the companies announced the first patient enrolled on 2026-07-14 at a site in Petaluma, California, and said the pilot is to shape a later Phase 3 programme. The leaf's description says no human trial has been published, which is still true, but its estimate says no human trial is registered, which is not. The companies also cite an exploratory study in China in which 50.0 to 86.4 per cent of participants reached 20/40 vision twelve to twenty-four weeks after treatment; that is a company claim with no paper found, so it is press-only. No result from the pilot, no replication of the 2015 dog result and no regulator's record appeared, so the stage does not move.

Left for the author. I would correct the estimate's "why", which rests on "no human trial registered": a controlled human trial of a lanosterol-derived drop has been running since 2026-02-10 (registry entry NCT07395986, first patient announced 2026-07-14), so the earliest first-human year of 2029 ("a trial starts within three years") is built on a premise that no longer holds, and the author may want to add a dated line to the description noting the registered pilot and the unpublished Chinese exploratory study the company cites. The stage stays at shown-in-animals: the test for first-human asks for a peer-reviewed controlled report of clearer lenses in people, and the pilot's primary completion is estimated for 2027-02. Changing the estimate and the description is the author's; I could not open the registry page or the company release to check them. To log in the publications log once its page has been read, as the reading's rule asks: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of ZOC2017217 in Subjects With Age-Related Cataract (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07395986, 2026-02-10; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07395986).

3 searches, 5 sources
Claim

Nothing in the window. The newest items seen were the Fight Aging post of 2026-01 on the start of the Australian safety trial of the autophagy drug RTR242 (registry number ACTRN12625001274460, five dose groups from 50 to 800 milligrams, six on drug and two on placebo per group), Core Memory's report of eight people dosed in mid-December 2025, and the company's own blog post of 2026-05-22 on its financing at a 1.8 billion dollar valuation; the record already carries all of this and the verdict missed stands. The registry entry itself could not be opened to check for a change in the window.

2 searches, 3 sources

Energy and fuel sensing

Nothing in the window: no trial reporting longer life or longer disease-free life in people was found dated 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17. Two older things were seen that the record does not name and that fall short of the test: a Nature Biotechnology report of September 2026 (exact date not seen) that the lung-disease drug rentosertib lowered six ageing-clock readings in 42 patients over twelve weeks, which is a clock result for the measuring branch and not extra years; and the VITAL-H trial announced by UT Health San Antonio on 2026-02-25, funded with up to 38 million dollars by the United States agency ARPA-H, which plans to give rapamycin, dapagliflozin or semaglutide against placebo to 726 adults in their sixties for three years, with a composite of physical and mental function (intrinsic capacity) as its outcome rather than lifespan or time to disease, and which in April 2026 was still waiting for ethics approval. The TAME search is listed under the metformin leaf too; it found no funding news in the window.

The Upgrade Tree shows it at shown in animals, which agrees.

3 searches, 4 sources

Nothing in the window: no approval, conditional or full, of any dog-lifespan drug was found, and no company post, regulator notice or peer-reviewed trial report dated 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17. The newest items seen were the company's safety-section acceptance of 2026-01-13, which the record already holds, a report that the company raised a 100 million dollar funding round in February 2026 (funding, not the record), and company pages saying the manufacturing section is the one outstanding step with the application expected in 2027, as the record says. The company's newsroom and the regulator's list of conditional approvals could not be opened from this session (the network refused loyal.com and fda.gov), so the first fact on the verify list, that no regulator had approved such a drug as of 2026-10-17, stays checked by search only.

3 searches, 4 sources

Nothing in the window: no controlled trial of a mitochondria-renewing or mitochondria-protecting drug on muscle in people was found dated 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17, and no regulator's approval. The searches returned the trials the record already holds (the 2022 JAMA Network Open trial of 66 older adults with a gain in muscle endurance, and the 2022 Cell Reports Medicine trial in middle-aged adults with a strength gain of about 12 per cent), company material from 2020 to 2022, and a bioRxiv preprint posted 2025-10-30 on the uncoupler BAM15 in animal models of sarcopenia, which is a preprint and an animal result, so it bears on no rung above the one already reached.

3 searches, 2 sources

Nothing in the window: no new approval, trial report or uptake figure dated 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17 was found, and the company's newsroom could not be opened from this session. One older record bears on the wide-use test and the record does not name it: a study by Scannell and colleagues published in The American Journal of Managed Care on 2026-07-09, using IQVIA prescription data from September 2023 to September 2024, found that the heart-prevention approval of 2024-03-08 and the Medicare coverage that followed were associated with about 592,624 extra Wegovy fills, a 136 per cent rise, yet six months after the Medicare announcement fewer than one per cent of the roughly 3.6 million Medicare beneficiaries estimated to be eligible on weight and heart grounds had filled a Wegovy prescription. Five searches were run for this leaf, one over the brief's cap, because the first four found nothing on uptake; all five are listed.

Left for the author. The settler names published uptake figures for the wide-use rung, and the notes say the rung stays at clinical use until uptake figures for the heart-prevention purpose are in hand. This 2026-07-09 study is such a figure, and it points the other way from the estimate's earliest year of 2027: under one per cent of eligible Medicare beneficiaries in the first six months, in one country and one payer, with data ending September 2024. I would add it to the publications log, cite it in the leaf's notes as the first uptake figure on record, and consider whether the earliest year for wide use should move later. It is dated before the window and bears on the estimate rather than the stage, so it is the author's call; and the article's own page could not be opened, so the citation below is from search summaries only. To log in the publications log once its page has been read, as the reading's rule asks: Changes in Semaglutide Fills Following Expanded FDA and Medicare Policies (The American Journal of Managed Care (2026), 2026-07-09; https://www.ajmc.com/view/changes-in-semaglutide-fills-following-expanded-fda-and-medicare-policies).

5 searches, 4 sources

Nothing in the window: no peer-reviewed controlled trial of an NAD-raising compound on an age-related function dated 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17 was found, and no regulator's approval. Older items seen and falling short: a December 2025 pilot of nicotinamide riboside in 52 people with mild cognitive impairment (NAD rose, cognition did not improve); a ClinicalTrials.gov entry (NCT04571008, Effect of NMN Supplementation on Organ System Biology) showing results first posted 2026-03-11 and last updated 2026-08-17, which is a registry posting and not a peer-reviewed report, and whose findings were not visible; and a 2026 company document describing a 66-person trial of nicotinamide riboside with exercise in Friedreich's ataxia, an inherited disease rather than an age-related function. None of these moves the leaf, which is already at first human and whose next rung is a regulator's approval.

3 searches, 3 sources

Nothing in the window: no peer-reviewed report of a person's tissue function improving after a mitochondrial transplant, and no regulator's approval, dated 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17 was found. Older items seen and falling short: an Iranian registry entry dated 2026-06-03 for a planned randomised, blinded phase I study of platelet-derived mitochondria in about ten stroke patients (a protocol, safety outcomes only); a phase 1 study of the product MNV-201 in low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome reported at the December 2025 haematology meeting with five patients and no control group; and a 2026 Nature paper on cell-type-targeted mitochondrial transplantation whose functional evidence is from cells and mice. Nothing was found on the Taiwan trial the verify list asks about.

3 searches, 3 sources
Claim

Nothing in the window bears on the start of the trial. The results were the NPR coverage of 2024-04-22 (the trial waits on money) and older background; one page that reads as a machine-written summary asserts that the trial is registered as ongoing in 2026 with nobody enrolled, which is not a primary source and contradicts the record's own check of ClinicalTrials.gov on 2026-10-16. The registry could not be opened on 2026-10-17 to re-check, so the missed verdict stands as written.

2 searches, 2 sources
Claim

Nothing in the window. No approval of LOY-002 or any other Loyal drug was found; the newest company items seen are the posts of 2026-01-13 (safety section accepted) and 2026-02-11 (financing) that the record already holds, and third-party pieces (BroBible, SDP Noticias, presse-citron, a Manifold prediction market) repeat that the manufacturing section is expected to be reviewed in 2027. A Fast Company piece headlined with two hundred and fifty million dollars for Loyal appeared in the results undated and could not be opened; if it is a new round it belongs to the leaf, not this claim, and does not touch the verdict of missed. The company's posts page could not be opened from this session.

3 searches
  • Loyal LOY-002 conditional approval FDA October 2026
  • loyal.com posts October 2026 LOY-002 manufacturing section 2027
  • Loyal Celine Halioua dog longevity drug news October 2026
Self-experiment

Only one search could be run on 2026-10-17 (the shared search budget was then refused) and his protocol page could not be opened. The search returned nothing dated in the window: a Wikipedia summary mentioning a 60 million dollar raise for Blueprint in an October with no year given, and Gyre Renwick named chief executive of Blueprint in 2025-07 (consistent with the record's 2025-07 line), plus several undated or 2026-07-31 content-farm pages giving a pace of ageing of about 0.64 with no source. Nothing in the window bears on the public record paragraph, which still holds on what was seen.

The session's search allowance (200 searches, shared by the twelve searchers of this first reading) ran out before a second search aimed at this record could be run.

1 search, 1 source
Self-experiment

Only one search could be run on 2026-10-17. It returned the 2023 Fortune pieces and the InsideTracker page the record already uses, with the same about-ten-years-younger claim, and nothing dated 2026-10. Nothing in the window; the verify line about a missing update to his own-age claim is neither settled nor contradicted.

The session's search allowance (200 searches, shared by the twelve searchers of this first reading) ran out before a second search aimed at this record could be run.

1 search
  • David Sinclair biological age October 2026
Self-experiment

Only one search could be run on 2026-10-17. It returned a priority review by David Barzilai in the journal Aging (volume 17, issue 1, pages 1 to 15, listed on PubMed as 39808121 and in PMC as PMC11810056, dated 2025-01 on the snippet) on his hyperfunction theory and rapamycin, the journal's call for papers for a commemorative collection, and his 2023 Oncotarget perspective; all before the window, and none gives his birth date or a start date for his own use, so neither verify line is settled. The programme ended with his death in 2024-10 and nothing seen changes that.

The session's search allowance (200 searches, shared by the twelve searchers of this first reading) ran out before a second search aimed at this record could be run.

1 search, 3 sources
Peter Attia Quiet
Self-experiment

Only one search could be run on 2026-10-17 and his podcast page could not be opened. The search returned his 2023-09 episode 272 with Sabatini and Kaeberlein, the 2023-05 and 2024-07 Huberman episodes (the record's own source), and nothing dated 2026-10. Nothing in the window; he still publishes a regimen and claims nothing about his own ageing on what was seen.

The session's search allowance (200 searches, shared by the twelve searchers of this first reading) ran out before a second search aimed at this record could be run.

1 search
  • Peter Attia rapamycin October 2026

Replacing lost cells and parts

Nothing in the window. The searches returned only the 2023 Guangzhou humanised-kidney embryos (Cell Stem Cell, 2023-09-07), the 2017 Wu and Izpisua Belmonte chimera paper, and a 2025-06 report of beating part-human hearts in pig embryos carried for 21 days, all of which the record already knows or which fall below the animal rung (no animal born with a working mostly-human organ).

3 searches
  • human-pig chimera organ kidney embryo human cells October 2026
  • interspecies chimera humanized organ pig blastocyst complementation paper 2026
  • human cells pig embryo organ grown news 2026

Nothing in the window. The searches returned the 2016-12-13 approval, the 2024-08 arthroscopic-delivery label expansion (MACI Arthro) and older trial extensions, none of which bears on the wide-use rung (use in worn older joints); no osteoarthritis trial of grown cartilage cells and no new use figures were found. Vericel's own newsroom could not be opened because the session's web fetching was refused.

2 searches
  • MACI autologous chondrocyte implantation osteoarthritis trial news October 2026
  • Vericel MACI Arthro FDA knee cartilage announcement 2026-10

Nothing in the window. The searches returned the 2024-03-27 Nature paper the record rests on, no registered trial or first person, and one older related mouse paper: a Lund University group (David Bryder) reported in Nature Communications that clearing old mice's own blood stem cells with an antibody-toxin and transplanting young ones restored naive B and T cell output without chemotherapy; the search results dated the university's release to 2025-09-13 and a repost to 2026-07-23, so it is before the window either way, it is a transplant rather than a reset of the animal's own cells, and it bears on the animal rung the leaf has already reached, not on the first-human rung.

4 searches, 2 sources

Nothing in the window. No filing for approval of Vertex's zimislecel, no acceptance by a regulator and no new peer-reviewed readout was found; the newest item seen was a third-party explainer dated 2026-06 saying a filing in 2026 was still expected, which matches the record's verify note (no filing as of 2026-08-03). The Parkinson's late-stage trial (bemdaneprocel, NCT06944522) showed no update after its 2025 start. Vertex's and BlueRock's newsrooms could not be opened because the session's web fetching was refused, so a release in the window cannot be ruled out by this searcher.

3 searches
  • Vertex zimislecel type 1 diabetes BLA filing news October 2026
  • stem cell derived islet cells insulin independence paper 2026-10
  • bemdaneprocel Parkinson's stem cell exPDite-2 phase 3 update October 2026

Nothing dated in the window, but the record is behind: the Göttingen trial it describes as under way (BioVAT-HF-DZHK20) was reported in the New England Journal of Medicine on 2026-05-28, per the University Medical Centre Göttingen, the German Centre for Cardiovascular Research and the sponsor Repairon's releases seen in search results. Twenty patients with advanced heart failure were enrolled, sixteen got the full dose, and among those the left ventricle's ejection fraction rose by 3.9 percentage points and the treated wall thickened by 4.5 mm, with three deaths during the trial and one heart transplant; follow-up ranged from 6 to 52 months. This does not meet the next rung (a regulator's approval), so it is not a move, but the leaf's description and estimate were written as if the trial had not reported.

Left for the author. I would rewrite the description's last sentences (the small trial has reported: pumping improved by a few percentage points of ejection fraction in sixteen patients at full dose, with three deaths) and the estimate's why line, which assumes the trial reports positive around 2030; I would also log the 2026-05-28 NEJM paper in the publications log and consider it as the stage record for the first-human rung, since it reports the heart's pumping measurably improving, which the test names, in a larger group than the single 2025 case. The stage itself stays first-human. It is the author's call because it corrects an entry written on 2026-10-16, changes an estimate, and I could not open the paper's own page to check its title, authors or DOI. To log in the publications log once its page has been read, as the reading's rule asks: Stem-Cell-Derived Biologic Ventricular Assist Tissue in Heart Failure (New England Journal of Medicine (2026), 2026-05-28; https://dzhk.de/en/newsroom/news/paper-of-the-month/article/engineered-heart-muscle-allografts-for-cardiac-repair-in-ischemic-heart-failure).

2 searches, 5 sources

Nothing in the window. The searches returned older trachea follow-ups (the 2008 case's five-year report, a 2012 paediatric case), a 2022 oesophagus study in piglets, a 2025-11 report of a 3D-printed corneal implant in a phase 1 trial at Rambam in Haifa (cornea is a tissue and left out by the test), and a 2026-01 ARPA-H grant of 28.5 million dollars to a Carnegie Mellon team to develop a printed liver, which is funding, not an organ in a person.

The Upgrade Tree shows it at first human, which agrees.

2 searches
  • tissue-engineered bladder OR trachea OR oesophagus implanted patient one year follow-up report 2026
  • bioprinted organ transplanted into patient news October 2026

Nothing in the window. The searches returned the EXPAND trial's first transplant (United Therapeutics, announced 2025-11-03, at NYU Langone, NCT06878560), which the record already knows as the first trial beginning in 2025-10, and coverage of Tim Andrews, whose pig kidney at Massachusetts General Hospital worked for 271 days from 2025-01-25 before removal in 2025-10 and a human kidney in 2026-01, reported in The Lancet on a date the search results did not show; neither is a regulator's approval for use outside a trial, which the next rung needs. United Therapeutics' and eGenesis' newsrooms could not be opened because the session's web fetching was refused, so a release in the window cannot be ruled out by this searcher.

The Upgrade Tree shows it at first human, which agrees.

3 searches
  • pig kidney xenotransplant patient news October 2026
  • United Therapeutics UKidney EXPAND trial OR eGenesis xenotransplant announcement 2026-10
  • xenotransplantation FDA pig liver OR pig heart OR pig lung human 2026 October
Dave Pascoe Quiet
Self-experiment

Only one search could be run on 2026-10-17 and his site could not be opened. The search returned 2024 Spanish-language coverage of the 61-year-old-who-looks-38 kind and a podcast listing at age 62, all before the window and already covered by the record. Nothing in the window; the public record paragraph still holds on what was seen.

The session's search allowance (200 searches, shared by the twelve searchers of this first reading) ran out before a second search aimed at this record could be run.

1 search
  • Dave Pascoe longevity October 2026

Inflammation and the body's messaging

Nothing in the window: no uptake figures for colchicine prescribed for the heart, no regulator's step and no guideline change dated 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17 was found, so the wide-use rung is untouched. One older record the leaf does not mention bears on its test: on 2026-07-31 Novo Nordisk announced that its ZEUS trial of ziltivekimab, an antibody against the inflammatory messenger interleukin-6, in more than 6,300 people with atherosclerotic disease, chronic kidney disease and raised inflammation, did not lower heart attacks, strokes or cardiovascular deaths against placebo (hazard ratio 0.99, 95 per cent confidence interval 0.88 to 1.11), while lowering inflammatory markers and raising serious infections. The company said full results would be presented at a scientific meeting later in 2026; no peer-reviewed report was found, and the company's own page could not be opened from this session.

Left for the author. I would add one sentence to the leaf's notes beside the 2025 CLEAR SYNERGY line: the 2026-07-31 ZEUS readout is the largest test since the 2017 canakinumab trial of a drug that acts on inflammation alone, and it found no benefit on heart events, which is a second mark against for the yearly review. It rests on a company announcement, not the peer-reviewed report the settler names, and it is dated before the window, so the stage and the estimate do not change; whether the notes should carry a press-only negative result, and whether the estimate's latest year should allow for it, is the author's ruling. To log in the publications log once its page has been read, as the reading's rule asks: Novo Nordisk provides update on the ZEUS phase 3 trial in people with ASCVD, CKD and inflammation (Company press release, 2026-07-31; https://www.novonordisk.com/news-and-media/news-and-ir-materials/news-details.html?id=916587).

4 searches, 4 sources

Nothing in the window. No controlled trial of an interleukin-11 blocker on frailty, muscle or a validated clock in people was found, registered or reported, and no new animal lifespan report. The only 2026 item seen is a results posting on 2026-03-09 for a trial of the anti-interleukin-11-receptor antibody LASN01 in thyroid eye disease (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06226545), which is before the window and not an age-related measure, so it does not bear on the first-human rung. A fourth search aimed at the trial registry for an ageing or sarcopenia trial of such an antibody could not be run because the shared search budget ran out.

3 searches
  • interleukin-11 antibody ageing frailty clinical trial 2026
  • anti-IL-11 antibody trial results October 2026 Lassen Therapeutics LASN01 Boehringer Ingelheim
  • IL-11 blocking lifespan mice new study October 2026 Nature Cook

Nothing in the window: no controlled trial of young plasma or a defined factor from it in older people, and no new animal report, dated 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17 was found, and nothing new on the plasma-fraction product GRF6019 or a TIMP2 drug. One older record the leaf does not mention bears on the first-human test: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial published in the Journal of Translational Medicine in 2025-02 randomised 38 older patients having major joint replacement to four infusions of a young-donor plasma protein fraction or placebo, and reported a changed immune and inflammatory response to the surgery. Its measure is the response to tissue injury, not an age-related function, and it is described as a proof of principle, so it does not meet the test on a plain reading.

Left for the author. The leaf's description says no controlled trial of young plasma in people has found a benefit. The 2025 trial above is a controlled trial in older people that found an effect on immune and inflammatory markers after surgery, without a clinical benefit, so the sentence still reads true but is now a narrower truth than it looks. I would add the trial to the notes as the nearest controlled human result and leave the stage and estimate alone. It is dated before the window, I could not open the paper to check its authors, registration or main measure, and whether a surgical inflammatory response is an age-related measure for the test is the author's ruling. To log in the publications log once its page has been read, as the reading's rule asks: Infusion of young donor plasma components in older patients modifies the immune and inflammatory response to surgical tissue injury: a randomized clinical trial (Journal of Translational Medicine (2025), 2025-02; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11829456/).

3 searches, 3 sources

Nothing in the window. No controlled trial of a microbial transfer in older people has reported, and no new animal report dated 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17 was found. Two registered trials bear on the first-human rung and are already allowed for by the estimate's assumption of a trial running in older adults: ARMOR (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06649981, registered 2024-10-21, capsules of gut microbes from young active donors or placebo in 65 to 84 year olds in Chile, with its protocol published in BMC Geriatrics volume 26 in 2026) and STEP-aging (NCT05598112, oral transfer for ageing at Fuwai Hospital in China, recruiting, primary completion estimated 2026-12-31). Neither has results, and whether either registry entry changed in the window could not be checked because the registry could not be opened from this session.

3 searches
  • faecal microbiota transplant older adults frailty randomised trial 2026
  • young gut microbiome transfer aged mice rejuvenation study October 2026
  • gut microbiome ageing clinical trial older people Rebyota Vowst 2026 news

Measuring ageing

Nothing dated in the window 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17 bears on the test. The nearest items are older: a Nature Aging report that changes over time in several clocks predict death in the InCHIANTI group (699 people, up to 24 years of follow-up; listed as about 218 days old, so roughly 2026-03, and below the test's thousand-person floor), a 2026 HUNT study (PubMed 42163406, date not seen) reporting the pace of ageing read from blood predicting death in two Norwegian groups, and an annotated bibliography of the Dunedin pace-of-ageing measure dated 2026-10-01, none of which could be opened. The leaf stays at first human, whose test is already met, and nothing seen touches the clinic rung (a regulator's clearance or a health system's published routine use).

3 searches, 3 sources

No regulator's record in the window qualifies a marker of ageing or agrees one as a trial's main measure; every source seen says none has. The one item dated in the window is a trade commentary of 2026-10-14 (Clinical Trial Vanguard) saying proteomic clocks are being used as endpoints in some prospective trials while carrying no regulatory standing, which is not a regulator's act and could not be opened. Coverage of the ARDD 2026 meeting (about 2026-10-03, so before the window) reports United States regulator staff saying a predictive marker is not a surrogate until it responds to treatment and tracks risk across trials, and a registered Sheba Medical Center trial (NCT07596576, a protocol to lower biological age in older adults; date and primary measure not seen) names no regulator's agreement in the listing. The regulator's own qualification list, which the verify list asks to be checked, could not be opened from this session.

3 searches, 4 sources

Nothing in the window: no regulator has approved a drug with ageing as its indication, and the TAME metformin trial has not started. Trade reports of 2026-09-26 (Technology Org and Innovita Research, titled 'TAME: the aging trial that never enrolled a patient') say the trial is still awaiting funding with no one enrolled, which is the same September 2026 coverage the record's verify list already rests on and which still could not be opened; a few consumer pages claiming enrolment is complete or on schedule were again judged unreliable. Coverage of the ARDD 2026 meeting (about 2026-10-03, before the window) says the United States regulator will name ageing and longevity among the topics of a forthcoming regulatory-science focus-areas document, which is a stated intention and not a rule, an approval or a written agreement.

3 searches, 4 sources

Nothing dated in the window, but two older records the leaf does not mention bear on its first-human test. A Nature Biotechnology paper reported by press as published 2026-09-07 applied six proteomic ageing clocks to serum from the placebo-controlled phase IIa trial of rentosertib (Insilico Medicine) in 42 people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and found lower predicted age in the treated arms than in placebo over twelve weeks, with the authors calling it exploratory, which on the press reading makes it a post hoc analysis like the 2023 CALERIE paper. MIT Technology Review reported on 2026-10-06 that Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk say molecular clock readouts show people on their weight-loss drugs ageing more slowly, which is a company statement and not the peer-reviewed report the settler names. Neither page could be opened from this session.

Left for the author. I would add the rentosertib paper (2026-09-07) to the publications log as a record bearing on this leaf's first-human test, with settled_stage false unless its own page shows the clock analysis was planned before unblinding, and would mention in the leaf's notes that company clock readouts (Lilly and Novo Nordisk, reported 2026-10-06) exist but are not the settler's kind of record. The paper is dated before the window and is not named in the leaf, so the entry as written was missing it; whether it changes the leaf's wording, and whether an exploratory analysis in a disease trial counts at all, is the author's ruling. I could not open the paper, so its title, authors, DOI and the pre-specification question are unchecked. To log in the publications log once its page has been read, as the reading's rule asks: unchecked (press coverage: six proteomic ageing clocks applied to the rentosertib phase IIa trial) (Nature Biotechnology (2026), date per press coverage, 2026-09-07; https://insilico.com/news/rnt0709261-rentosertib-proteomic-aging-clocks).

3 searches, 4 sources

Nothing dated in the window 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17 bears on the test. The searches returned the 2023 Nature paper the leaf rests on, the 2025 Nature Medicine UK Biobank follow-up the verify list already names, a Nature Communications paper on the genetics of organ ageing in 51,936 UK Biobank people, and a paper titled 'Patterns of organ-specific proteomic aging in relation to lifestyle, diseases, and mortality' (PMC12686593, date, cohort and authors not seen) that may be a further independent group for the verify list's question and should be opened in a session that can reach PubMed Central. A Time profile of Tony Wyss-Coray from about 2026-08-20 says the company he co-founded, Vero Bioscience, is running clinical studies of the organ-age tests, which is neither a clearance nor a published routine practice. A third search for this leaf was not run because the shared search budget ran out.

2 searches, 3 sources
Claim

Nothing dated inside the window. Two days before it, on 2026-10-08, Axios published an interview in which he frames his goal as making 300 the new 70, and earlier coverage (laRegione and Blue News of 2026-07-16 reporting a Tages-Anzeiger interview; Livemint of 2026-07-30; the Honolulu Star-Advertiser of 2026-08-23) reports him saying he belongs to the first generation that will not die, and separately that he is questioning whether his programme has gone too far after a diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis. None of these is in the window and none was opened; they are reported because the record's notes do not know them and they are new statements of the goal by the speaker.

Left for the author. I would add a line to the notes saying that by 2026-07 he had restated the goal in a different form (the first generation that will not die; 300 the new 70 on 2026-10-08) and had said after an autoimmune gastritis diagnosis that the programme may have gone too far, all in coverage of interviews, with the Axios piece of 2026-10-08 as the nearest primary source. The verdict, unfalsifiable, is unchanged by any of it. It is not mine because the pieces could not be opened from this session, so the exact words and dates are unchecked, and because a change in what he claims also bears on the self-experiment record bryan-johnson-blueprint, which is another searcher's.

2 searches, 5 sources
Claim

Nothing in the window. No new pace-of-ageing reading by him was found; the only items that name the 0.64 figure are the WION report of his 2024-06-11 post, which the record already holds, and a Chinese-language newsletter of 2026-08 repeating it. The remaining results were undated, repetitive pages on featurespace.com and media-azi.md carrying contradictory numbers (a biological age of 31.4, a target under 0.70) with no source, and were not relied on. His newer statements of the goal are flagged under johnson-2023-biological-age-stays-the-same.

2 searches
  • Bryan Johnson Blueprint biological age October 2026
  • Bryan Johnson "pace of aging" DunedinPACE new record 2026
Self-experiment

Only one search could be run on 2026-10-17; it returned nothing about her at all, only pages on the 2026 Winter Olympics and an unrelated athlete. Nothing in the window; the record's note that she publishes nothing of her own is consistent with the empty result but was not tested with a second wording.

The session's search allowance (200 searches, shared by the twelve searchers of this first reading) ran out before a second search aimed at this record could be run.

1 search
  • Julie Gibson Clark Rejuvenation Olympics 2026
Self-experiment

Only one search could be run on 2026-10-17 and his site could not be opened, so his October posts were not seen. The search returned 2023 and 2025 podcast listings (one placing him at the Tufts nutrition research centre, which bears on the second verify line but is a podcast biography, not a Tufts page) and a Lifespan.io piece on his microbial-burden book; nothing dated in the window. Neither verify line is settled.

The session's search allowance (200 searches, shared by the twelve searchers of this first reading) ran out before a second search aimed at this record could be run.

1 search
  • Michael Lustgarten Conquer Aging or Die Trying October 2026
Self-experiment

Only one search could be run on 2026-10-17 and the leaderboard itself could not be opened, so the 2026-10-16 top five in the record could not be re-read. The search returned an undated newsletter snapshot (1,750 participants, Bryan Johnson out of the top five at that time), a resolved prediction market on the 2025 year-end top spot, and unrelated Olympic Games pages; nothing dated in the window. The verify line on whether the laboratory checks a sample belongs to the named person is not settled.

The session's search allowance (200 searches, shared by the twelve searchers of this first reading) ran out before a second search aimed at this record could be run.

1 search
  • Rejuvenation Olympics leaderboard TruDiagnostic October 2026

The whole question

Claim

Nothing in the window; the bet is due in 2150. The results were the older coverage the record already rests on (The Scientist of 2001, Newswise, fightaging.org of 2018), plus a prediction-market page with no date. One detail the record does not carry, from the Newswise article, is that the winner is to be decided by a panel of three scientists chosen by the president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; the page was not opened, so it is left here as a lead and not a correction. The verify item on Olshansky's own statement was not settled.

3 searches, 2 sources
Claim

Nothing dated in the window. Outside it, and not in the record: BioSpace reports, citing STAT, that AbbVie decided to end its eleven-year collaboration with Calico, with about a hundred chemists laid off and the money moved to AbbVie's biologics, cell and RNA work; the article's date was not visible in the result and the page could not be opened, but eleven years from 2014-09 puts it in 2025. The record's notes still describe the collaboration as extended on 2021-07-27 with work running to 2030. Also seen: a Calico and Nexo Therapeutics small-molecule collaboration announced 2026-05-21, and Calico press items dated 2026-02-05 and 2026-06-23 whose contents were not shown; none is in the window and none names a treatment for ageing.

Left for the author. I would add to the notes that the AbbVie collaboration was reported ended (BioSpace citing STAT; date to be confirmed on the page, probably 2025), so the line about work running to 2030 no longer holds, and would look for AbbVie's or Calico's own statement before relying on the press report. The verdict (unfalsifiable) does not change. It is the author's call because the entry as written missed it and the only record seen is press, unopened. To log in the publications log once its page has been read, as the reading's rule asks: AbbVie Ends 11-Year Relationship With Calico, Lays Off 100+ (BioSpace, citing STAT News, unchecked; https://www.biospace.com/business/abbvie-ends-11-year-relationship-with-calico-lays-off-100).

2 searches, 3 sources
Claim

Nothing in the window; the claim is due in 2944. Results were the 2006 to 2017 coverage of the thousand-year line that the record already treats as coverage, and a New York Sun article (undated in the result, could not be opened) that mentions a declaration announced in early October without a year, which may or may not be this month. The most recent dated de Grey item found anywhere was a Provo meetup of 2026-08-12 and a stream of 2026-02, both outside the window.

2 searches, 1 source
Claim

Nothing in the window. The foundation's first mouse study is described in a 2026-08-12 meetup listing as complete, under analysis and a qualified win, and its page for the second study said it would begin in the second half of 2025 subject to funding; no peer-reviewed result and no start date for the second study were found, and the four-month figure the verdict rests on was not contradicted. The missed verdict stands.

2 searches, 2 sources
Claim

Nothing in the window. No statement of the two-step form (fifteen years from robust mouse rejuvenation) was found at all in 2026; his recent statements, where found, are given as a flat horizon of about fifteen years, which is the matter of de-grey-2024-fifty-percent-twelve-to-fifteen-years. The mouse milestone the clock starts from has not been reported met.

2 searches
  • Aubrey de Grey longevity escape velocity 2026 timeline statement
  • Aubrey de Grey robust human rejuvenation odds 2026 talk
Claim

Nothing in the window. Outside it, and not in the record: an episode of the Extrapolate podcast released 2026-02-16, titled How We End Aging in 15 Years, whose description says he estimates about fifteen years to longevity escape velocity for people provided funding catches up. Counted from 2026 that reaches 2041, past the record's due year of 2039, but the words seen are the podcast's description, not his, no odds were given, and the episode was not listened to.

Left for the author. I would add the 2026-02-16 recording to the verify list beside the McCormack interview as a later recorded occasion, and would note that if his words there are about fifteen years from 2026 the horizon has slipped by up to two years since 2024-03-01. Not mine because the recording was not heard and the verdict (not-yet-due) would not change until it is.

2 searches, 2 sources
Claim

Nothing in the window. The speaker died on 2024-08-01, as the record's who_is already implies, so no new statement is possible; the only 2026 mention was a podcast of 2026-04 that names the Hayflick limit in passing. The Nature essay's own page was not reached, so nothing new was checked against its abstract.

2 searches
  • Leonard Hayflick 2026
  • Hayflick "The future of ageing" Nature 2000 fifteen years life expectancy
Claim

Nothing in the window. The searches returned the foundation's older items the record already knows (the 2023-12-02 report of forty million dollars at the first summit, the Al Arabiya report of 2025-02-04 of more than four hundred million dollars in grants in twenty months) and a crowd of unrelated companies with similar names; no statement by the foundation dated 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17 was seen, and the foundation's own newsroom could not be opened from this session.

4 searches
  • Hevolution Foundation news October 2026
  • Hevolution Foundation annual budget "billion" 2026 commitments grants
  • Hevolution Global Healthspan Summit 2026 announcement funding
  • hevolution.com news release 2026-10
Claim

Nothing in the window: no interview, post or report by him dated 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17 was found, and the search for the episode's transcript returned only the episode listing, not the text, so the fact on the verify list (the exact wording at about one hour thirty-three minutes) is still open. The same searches turned up 2026 coverage of him moving the date to around 2032, which is reported under kurzweil-2029-escape-velocity because that is the record with the headline flag and the due year.

2 searches
  • Ray Kurzweil Lex Fridman "end of the decade" longevity escape velocity transcript
  • Ray Kurzweil October 2026 news
Claim

Nothing in the window. Before it, coverage in 2026 reports him restating the date: Business Today of 2026-06-20 says he now puts the end of ageing at 2032, Ynet (undated in the result) headlines by 2032 we will defeat ageing, and the search summaries attribute around 2032 to a Nikkei interview and the early 2030s to a Guardian interview, against 2029 to Joe Rogan in 2024 and a La Nacion piece of 2026-05-01 still giving 2029. The record's notes know only the 2029 interviews and the BBC Science Focus range of 2029 to 2035 from 2024-08-23. None of the 2026 pieces could be opened from this session, so the exact words, the dates and the original venues are unchecked.

Left for the author. I would add to the notes that in 2026 he has been quoted putting the crossing at around 2032 (Business Today 2026-06-20; Ynet; attributed to Nikkei and Guardian interviews), that is, after the book's around 2030, so the claim has been restated with a later date while the book's sentence stands; and I would consider whether a restated date should be logged as its own claim record (a 2026 occasion with due 2032) rather than folded into this one, since the log is built to keep each dated occasion. The verdict stays not-yet-due either way. It is not mine because the original interviews were not found or opened, so there is no primary source yet, and because adding a claim record is the author's.

2 searches, 4 sources
Claim

Nothing in the window. The searches returned the Fight Aging! excerpt of 2004-11-17 that the record's verify list already cites, mid-2000s interviews about the three bridges (NBC News, PBS NewsHour), a sceptical review on skepdoc.info, and speaker-bureau pages for Terry Grossman; no statement by either author dated 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17 was seen, and nothing bears on the verdict of missed.

2 searches
  • Kurzweil Grossman "Fantastic Voyage" "within the next two decades" stop reverse aging
  • Terry Grossman 2026 longevity interview Kurzweil bridges
Claim

Nothing in the window. The What we do page still appears in results with the sentence the record quotes, including the line that the goal was chosen to be falsifiable and testable; the other results are profile pages (Lifespan.io, GuideStar, Kindora, MarketScreener), a 2022 release on the ELONgevity Protection Project, and David Gobel's 2025 conference listing, none dated 2026-10-10 to 2026-10-17. The foundation's home page could not be opened from this session either, so the record's note of 2026-10-16 that it refused connections stands.

2 searches
  • Methuselah Foundation "90 the new 50" 2030 news October 2026
  • Methuselah Foundation David Gobel 2026 announcement
Claim

Nothing in the window. Both searches returned only coverage of the 2024-10-07 Nature Aging paper the record is built on (AFAR, Scientific American, the University of Illinois Chicago, Lifespan.io) and no later paper, statement or rebuttal by the author; the due year is 2100 and the verdict not-yet-due stands.

2 searches, 2 sources
Claim

Nothing in the window. The searches returned the 2022 launch coverage of the ten-year aim (BioSpace, Freethink, the company's own feed) and secondary profiles; one aggregator (wewillcure.com) says the company plans a first human trial of its reprogramming programme in 2027, which is consistent with the record's note that the 2026-05-22 blog post planned first-in-human milestones for 2026 and 2027 and is not a new statement by the company. No new statement, withdrawal or date was seen; the verdict unfalsifiable stands. Nothing of the plasma programme entering people was seen.

3 searches, 3 sources
Claim

Nothing in the window. The newest items seen were a University of Nicosia lecture of 2026-06-04 in Athens, reported under the headline There is no law of biology that says we have to age (Cyprus Mail 2026-07-02), an honorary doctorate there on 2026-06-05, and a Bucharest conference appearance on 2026-06-20; these restate the book's sentence without adding a date and fall before the window, so the verdict unfalsifiable stands.

2 searches, 3 sources

Waiting on the author

5 items the reading could not decide

A flagged item stays here until a later reading reads the record again with another verdict, or the record carries a dated change that names the reading. The author rules by editing the record, never by editing the reading.

What the four verdicts mean

Quiet
Nothing in the week bore on what would count for this record.
Noted
Something in the week bore on it and was logged in the publications log, and what would count was not met: a paper short of the test, a regulator's step, a first dose with no measured result.
Moved a rung
A public record of the kind the treatment itself names showed its next rung reached, so the reading moved it one rung, with a dated revision on the treatment's page saying so.
Left for the author
Something the reading may not decide on its own: a record older than the week that the entry did not know, a press-only report, a claim whose date has passed, a test that no longer fits. The line says what the author is asked to rule on.

1 reading on the record. The procedure the reading follows, with every choice in it and its strongest alternative, is in the public repository as the weekly reading document. The tree · The claims log · The story so far